The Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka - 1455 Words

Franz Kafka’s work, The Metamorphosis, has autobiographical qualities to it, in that to portrays the time and life of Kafka. Kafka writes Gregor Samsa to have the same outlook upon life and work that he does. The Metamorphosis is also a perfect example of the literary movement modernism. Kafka’s work, and less specifically modernism, were caused by events in the real world. These events can be seen in his work. The Metamorphosis, though not explicitly, gives a window into the real world. The Metamorphosis was directly influenced by the world at the time it was written, the early nineteen hundreds. During this time, the world was starting to become a darker and less beautiful place. This was the beginning of a century full of atrocities†¦show more content†¦It is less structured than other writing techniques. It also adopts the idea that the world is what people say it is. It believes that reality is not concrete, but rather is malleable and changes to match wha t the author needs. While doing this, it also adds realism, describing impossible things in very matter of fact and ordinary ways. It deals with the destabilization and fragmentation of reality, but it makes it seem believable and real. Modernism also focuses not on princes or kings, but on the average person of the time (The Twentieth Century: The Progressive Era and First World War). Of all the tenets of modernism, Kafka uses opinionated reality and the average man focus the most. Opinionated reality is shown when Gregor turns into the bug. The change is never explained or justified. It simply happens, and nothing shows Kafka’s bending of reality to fit his wants better than this. Kafka also focuses on the ordinary man. Gregor Samsa’s problems are not grand, they are simple and ordinary. At the beginning of the book, Gregor is driven by his desire to pay off his family s debt, which is a very common problem that affects the average person. This focus on ordinary prob lems shows that Kafka is following the modernist ideology. The use of modernist trends is apparent all throughout The Metamorphosis, but it is most apparent in these aspects. Kafka’s ideas about work and existence are an important part of what made him the person he was. HeShow MoreRelatedThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka1052 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Kafka wrote one of his most popular books, The Metamorphosis, during the literary period and movement of existentialism. His novella stresses many existential ideals. The most predominant ideal that is seen through Gregor Samsa and his father in The Metamorphosis is that choice is the opportune of the individual. One’s ultimate goal in life is to successfully find a balance between work and leisure. It is through the juxtaposition of Gregor Samsa and his father, the conceding tone of the authorRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka867 Words   |  4 Pagesincluding rapid growth spurts. Metamorphosis is a biological p rocess by which an animal physically develop after birth or hatching. Involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt changes in the animal’s body structure through cell growth and differentiation. The author Franz Kafka, who relatively wrote little in his short life and who published less has been enormously influential on later writers. He is considered an export of German expressionism. The metamorphosis is Kafka’s longest story and oneRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The metamorphosis,† is a story by Franz Kafka, published in 1915 is a story divided in three chapters: transformation, acceptance, and the death of the protagonist. There are many interpretations that can form this tale as the indifference by the society that is concerned with different individuals, and isolation pushing some cases to the solitude. Some consider The Metamorphosis as an autobiography of the author, which tries to capture the lonelines s and isolation that he felt at some pointRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1246 Words   |  5 PagesIt can be hard to understand the meaning of the novella â€Å"The Metamorphosis,† written by Franz Kafka, without thinking of the background. Due to the fact that, â€Å"using† and knowing â€Å"[the] background knowledge† of a story is important to read a â€Å"text† (Freebody and Luke). In the novella â€Å"The metamorphosis†, â€Å"Kafka’s personal history† has been â€Å"artfully [expressed]† (Classon 82). The novella was written in 1916, before the World War 1 in German {Research}. When the novella was written, in the EuropeRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1380 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I cannot make anyone understand what is happening inside me. I cannot even explain it to myself†: A Psychoanalysis reading of â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Kafka The Metamorphosis is known to be one of Franz Kafka’s best works of literature. It demonstrates the interconnection between his personal life and the protagonist, Gregor Samsa, of â€Å"The Metamorphosis.† Franz Kafka was born in 1883 and grew up in a financially stable Jewish family in Prague. He was the only son left after the death of his youngerRead MoreThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka656 Words   |  3 PagesMuch of Franz Kafkas story â€Å"The Metamorphosis† spends its time talking about Gregor as he struggles to live his new life as a bug. Gregor tries to find a analytical reason as to why he has taken upon this form but later on finds on that he has to accept the truth. From being an ordinary travel salesman and provider for his family to a abomination, Gregor becomes hopeless as he cant work or provide for his family. His new life as an insect causes a hardship as he is faced with isolation from hisRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka783 Words    |  4 Pages In the story â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, written by Franz Kafka, Gregor’s family represents the causing factor that prompts Gregor to become a cockroach. Gregor’s family is a symbol of a repressive structure that inhibits Gregor’s every thought and action. When Gregor gets up in the morning to get ready for work and finds that he has been transformed into a cockroach, he ponders about how maybe he should just go in to work late and get fired, but then realizes that he cannot because â€Å"if [he] were not holdingRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Metamorphosis is a novella written by German author Franz Kafka which was first published in 1915. The novella tells the story of Gregor Samsa, a traveling salesman who one day awoke to discover he had transformed into an insect like monstrosity. Throughout the story, Gregor struggles with the horrible prospect of coming to terms with his situation, as well as copin g with the effects of his transformation, such as the fact that his family is repelled by his new form, and that he is no longerRead MoreThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka1021 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Kafka’s, The Metamorphosis, is a novella about Gregor Samsa, a man who devotes everything to fulfilling the needs of his family. Kafka’s existentialist perspective on the meaning of life is illustrated through the use of the protagonist of Gregor Samsa. Existentialism is a philosophy â€Å"concerned with finding self and the meaning of life through free will, choice, and personal responsibility† (Existentialism). Gregor is unable to fulfill the existentialist view of finding meaning in one’s life;Read MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1050 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Franz Kafka is an evocative story of a man transformed into a â€Å"monstrous vermin†. It seems to focus on the dark transformation of the story’s protagonist, Gregor, but there is an equal and opposing transformation that happens within Gregor’s family. Although Gregor has physically changed at the beginning of the story, he remains relatively unchanged as the novella progresses. The family, on the other hand, is forced to drastically change how they support themselves

Deviance and Crime (Sociology) Free Essays

One of the ways in which sociologists theorize deviance is through the control theory. This theory was first pioneered by Travis Hirschi in 1969. The control theory suggests that a person who does commit serious crimes is free of any emotional, social feelings and for those that do not commit crimes are able to control themselves to not commit crimes and behave in an acceptable manner in society without being a danger to others. We will write a custom essay sample on Deviance and Crime (Sociology) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Basically, this theory emphasizes that a person from birth is capable of acting in criminal behaviour, but the social factors affect a person from committing criminal acts or not. Within this theory there are four factors in which someone will not commit in any deviant behaviour. These factors are attachment, commitment, involvement and belief . Attachment applies to affection that a person has for their parents or friends, etc. and does not want to disappoint or hurt by involving themselves into delinquent behaviour. Commitment is used to describe what a person has to lose when they involve themselves in committing crimes, etc. such as having a high standing in society or whether they are in school or are employed. Involvement refers to the amount of time a person invests in something that keeps them busy such as any extracurricular activities, for example, which would prevent them from having the time to commit crimes. The final factor belief refers to a person’s own belief system and whether or not they choose to follow societal rules and that if they do believe in these rules, they would be less likely to act in a deviant manner. These bonds that are presented by Hirschi are meant to represent that they control our behaviour through social contraventions and are not necessarily laws that are within our society. Basically, this theory best describes the reasons in which deviance is theorized because it takes into effect all of the reasons in which a person would or would not act in a deviant manner. The four bonds that were mentioned above highlight the factors that are important in almost everyone’s lives and that if any of those are missing in our lives, it would lead us to act in devious ways. An example in which describes the way in which these social bonds can present hemselves when they are no longer there are described in the article â€Å"Key Idea: Hirschi’s Social Bond/Social Control Theory† when they describe how a person would still stop at a stop sign in the middle of nowhere with no other traffic and no police cars observing. This is a good example because it shows that a person is still worried about any possible implications that a bad decision would affect them. The control theory is a theory, which could best to explain deviance and why people act in a d eviant manner. The reason why is that the manner in which people are raised and who they are surrounded by. For example, someone does not commit any crimes because of the fact that they have family and friends and conform to society’s rules so that they could continue to have the bonds that they have with their friends and family, but when that bond is broken, that leaves room for the person to partake in deviant acts. Some of the weaknesses that can be pointed out in this factor could be that some delinquents who are underage could possibly have less parental supervision and that they would be free to experiment with different things whether it is illegal or not. Another weakness in this theory is that a person is not essentially capable of committing criminal acts from birth, but there are events in a person’s life where they need or want to involve themselves in criminal acts. This theory is the better theory when describing deviance. This is the better theory because it takes into effect most of the reasons why a person would or would not take part in deviant behaviour. The four social bonds that are described within this theory are things that a person would hold dear and would not jeopardize these relationships or beliefs and feelings by partaking in criminal or deviant behaviour. How to cite Deviance and Crime (Sociology), Essay examples

Creativity and Entrepreneurship Essay Sample free essay sample

What is creativeness and what is Entrepreneurship? Is at that place any relation between creativeness and Entrepreneurship? If so. what is the relation and what function does creativity play in entrepreneurship? The intent of this essay is to joint the relationship between Creativity and Entrepreneurship. to discourse the deductions of creativeness on the undermentioned entrepreneurial activities – determination devising. concern planning and chance development. Creativity can be defined as the production of novel and utile thoughts in any sphere ( Stein. 1974 ; Woodman. Sawyer A ; Griffin. 1993 ) . Creativity and invention can non be separated from entrepreneurship which in bend is the procedure of making. working and developing an chance. Millard. Pretorius and Kruger ( 2005 ) reference that â€Å"creativity is clearly portion and package of the entrepreneurial accomplishments and is required to successfully get down a venture† ( p. 56 ) . Entrepreneurs and their ven tures are considered to be â€Å"important agents of innovation† ( Bosma A ; Harding. 2007. p. 16 ) . non merely in footings of the merchandises and services they provide. but besides in footings of the engineerings and procedures that they utilise ( Bosma A ; Harding ; Watson et Al. . 1998 ) . Entrepreneurs can be called as kernel of creativeness and invention because of their nature. They nurture creativeness and invention. It can be argued that creativeness is an of import ingredient in the formula for the new merchandise or service any enterpriser would supply and it is non merely indispensable making or developing the new merchandise but besides in every degree of every type of the organisation. Creativity is seen as traveling beyond new merchandises. new services and new and improved procedures ( Cook. 1998 ; Heye. 2006 ) . Creativity can besides be described as a combination of 6 elements. Sternberg’s ‘investment theory of creativity’ briefs the nature of creativeness as a meeting of 6 distinct but interrelated resources – cognition. personality. rational abilities. manner of thought. environment and motive. Harmonizing to Sternberg ( 1995 ) the rational accomplishments required for creativeness constitute 3 accomplishments in peculiar: a m an-made accomplishment to see jobs in a new manner and to get away the bounds of conventional thought ; an analytical accomplishment to acknowledge which of one’s thoughts is deserving prosecuting ; and practical-contextual accomplishment of how to carry others of the value of one’s thoughts. ( Matthews. Judith H. 2007 ) Invention is conventionally defined as the successful execution of originative thoughts ( Stein. 1974 ; Woodman. Sawyer. A ; Griffin. 1993 ) . Creativity is the point of inception for invention ; it is a necessary. but non sufficient. status for invention to happen ( Amabile. Conti. Coon. Lazenby. A ; Herron. 1996 ) . Invention may be conceptualized as either a procedure or an result. As a procedure. invention frequently is depicted as uninterrupted and cyclical. affecting the phases of consciousness. assessment. acceptance. diffusion. and execution ( Damanpour. 1991 ; Poole A ; Van de Ven. 1989 ) . Innovation demands alteration. but non all the alterations are advanced. Harmonizing to Woodman. Sawyer. and Griffin ( 1993 ) creativeness is a subset of invention ( when it is undertaken in complex societal scenes ) and invention is a subset of alteration. Entrepreneurial event is built with creativeness and invention as the base. Entrepreneurship is the willingness and capacity to develop. form. raising and pull off a new concern venture along with any of its hazards and uncertainnesss in order to do net income. Peoples who indulge in the actions that form the footing of entrepreneurship are called Entrepreneurs. These entrepreneurial actions involve happening an chance. working it and making a new merchandise as a consequence. Anything that has the possible to let the user to do it a concern and generate net income out of it can be termed as a possible chance. In this context. entrepreneurial action is defined as any activity enterprisers might take—from ab initio placing chances ( Gaglio A ; Katz. 2001 ; Kirzner. 1979 ; McMullen A ; Shepherd. 2006 ) . in piecing resources to work chances ( Schumpeter. 1939 ) . in bring forthing and allowing the economic net incomes created by working chances ( Alvarez and Barney. 2005 ) —to produce new merchandises or services ( Shane and Venkatraman. 2000: 211 ; Shane. 2003: 4 ) . Different statements have been offered to accommodate the impression of chance to the kingdom of single enterprisers: chances are created endogenously by the actions of enterprisers ( Alvarez A ; Barney. 2007 ) ; an chance represents a watercourse of continuously developed and modified thoughts ( Davidsson. 2003 ; Dimov. 2007b ) ; an chance can non be separated from the person ( Companys A ; McMullen. 2007 ; Dimov. 2007a ; Sarason. Dean. A ; Dillard. 2006 ) ; an chance is intertwined with single beliefs ( McMullen A ; Shepherd. 2006 ; Shepherd. McMullen. A ; Jennings. 2007 ) ; and an chance exists merely in the entrepreneur’s imaginativeness ( Klein. 2008 ; Shackle. 1955 ) . While the elements of chances may be â€Å"recognized† . chances are made. non found ( Ardichvili A. Cardozo R. Ray S. 2000 ) . Careful observation of the market responses and demands. ability to recognize the resources at the right clip may assist entrepreneurs get down to develop the chance. Successful chance development processes creates successful concerns. This procedure starts with the acknowledgment. rating and so development. The development procedure is iterative and enterprisers have to measure their chances many times in the procedure. This perennial rating could take to designation of extra chances which may alter the whole procedure and may ensue in creative activity of new merchandises. Discovery and Creation theories: As Teleological theories. Discovery and Creation theories discuss about the chances and the entrepreneurial actions to work those chances. Though the premises made by the two theories to explicate how chances are found and exploited differ greatly. these two theories co-exist. Harmonizing to Alvarez and Barney. each theory makes three basic premises to explicate the nature of chances and enterprisers. Discovery theory proposes that opportunities pre-exist waiting to be discovered by enterprisers. These chances arise exogenously as a consequence of alterations in consumer penchants and/or some other properties in the market. Since chances are created by exogenic dazes to an industry or market and as these dazes are nonsubjective and discernible. so everyone associated with that industry or market should be cognizant of the chances a daze has created. Of class. if everyone associated with an industry or market knew about the chances created by daze. and were all sufficiently skilled to work these chances. so they could all seek to work them. ( Alvarez and Barney. 2006 ) Hence. to explicate why these chances are exploited merely by a few people and non everyone. find theory assumes that enterprisers are well different from non-entrepreneurs. Kirzner ( 1973: 67 ) summarizes the differences between enterprisers and non-entrepreneurs that enable merely the former to be cognizant of chances with the construct of â€Å"entrepreneurial watchfulness. † Whatever the peculiar beginnings of these differences. Discovery Theory assume that people will non all perceive the being of chances every bit. Some will b e predisposed to see them while others will be blind to their being and still others may see them as menaces non chances ( Murphy. 1996 ) . Even if the chances are seen by many people. harmonizing to find theory there are merely a few people who will be willing to work them. These people who are willing to work the chances take their determination based on hazard rating or on the initial beliefs about the chance. Hazard refers to some sort of danger when the chances of the results are non calculated in the right manner on the footing of an nonsubjective categorization of cases. Whereas uncertainness refers to the state of affairss in which the categorization of aims are non possible. The term uncertainness will be defined loosely as â€Å"any divergence from the unattainable ideal of wholly deterministic cognition of the relevant system† ( Walker. Harremoes et al. 2003. p. 5 ) . Lack of information is non the lone concern with uncertainness. but besides with the facets it that can non be determined. It is of import to observe that uncertainness is non merely caused by deficiency of information. It is sometimes besides caused when the handiness of information is more ( Van Asselt 2000 ; Koppenjan and Klijn 2004 ) . A determination doing context is defined as hazardous when. at the clip a determination is made. the possible results associated with a determination are known along with the chance of each of these results happening ( Dequech. 2003 ; Triola. 2003 ) . This information enables a determination shaper to gauge a chance distribution of results associated with a determination. This chance distribution can so be used to steer determination devising ( Gifford. 2003 ; Wald. 1950 ) . As. all the chances pre-exist. harmonizing to find theory. it is executable to garner adequate information to expect the chance of impact of the determination. But every bit shortly as the exogenic daze occurs ; possible enterprisers will hold merely really limited information about possible new chances. ( Alvarez and Barney. 2006 ) Discovery theory suggests that Entrepreneurs. utilizing this information design tools to analyze the hazard involved in the determination and besides to understand the chance costs that is involved in taking the determination. On the other manus. harmonizing to Creation theory chances are non assumed to be the nonsubjective phenomena that are created by exogenic dazes to an industry or market. Rather. they are created. endogenously . by the actions of persons researching ways to bring forth new merchandises or services ( Baker et Al. . 2005 ; Gartner. 1985 ; Sarasvathy. 2001 ) . Creation Theory proposes that entrepreneur’s actions are the indispensable beginning of these chances. They do non seek for chances ; but alternatively act. and detect how consumers and markets respond to their actions ( Alvarez and Barney. 2006 ) . Entrepreneurship does non necessitate fortune but requires believing and observation. It requires the individual to be on the right topographic point at the right clip and to hold a clear attack on how to prehend the chance. As the entrepreneurial actions are the beginning of chances. harmonizing to creative activity theory. the consequence of the action is unsure until the chance is created. Hence. this procedure is emergent. i. e. the way. continuance. and results of actions designed to bring forth new merchandises or services are non identifiable when this procedure begins. and are merely revealed. measure by measure. as an chance is created over clip ( Mintzberg A ; Waters. 198 5 ) . Rarely will entrepreneurs be able to see â€Å"the terminal from the beginning. † In this position there is no â€Å"end† until the creative activity procedure has unfolded. i. e. . chances can non be understood until they exist. and they merely exist after they are enacted in an iterative procedure of action and reaction ( Berger and Luckmann. 1967 ; Weick. 1979 ) . This creative activity procedure is clearly path dependant. in that little differences in initial determinations and picks made by enterprisers can take to big differences—among enterprisers and between enterprisers and non-entrepreneurs—over clip ( Arthur. 1989 ) . Hence. creative activity theory assumes that before an chance is created enterprisers and non-entrepreneurs may non be different at all. Unlike find theory. Creation theory claims that even really little differences in the life of people could ensue in some people going enterprisers and others staying non-entrepreneurs. It suggests that going an enterpriser is largely circumstantial. The determination doing procedure a ssociated with this is largely unsure. As the chances are being created based on the entrepreneurial action. it is non possible to garner information sing the chance. In peculiar. in this context. it is non possible for possible enterprisers to cipher the chance costs associated with their actions. Hence. alternatively of chance costs. Creation Theory suggests that enterprisers use the construct of â€Å"acceptable losses† to judge the downside associated with prosecuting in entrepreneurial actions ( Sarasvathy. 2001 ) . Creativity in Entrepreneurial procedure Opportunity development: Entrepreneurship is a journey that begins with the designation of the chance. The determinations that an enterpriser takes on if to prosecute the chance and how to prosecute the chance. decides the way of the journey. Whether or non the journey is successful. depends on how the chance is exploited and developed. It is naive to believe that the chances are conceived in the same signifier and form as they originally emerged. The possible chances emerge from an iterative procedure that involves modeling the thoughts and giving the chance a proper signifier and develops it. The procedure of reading. treatment. and modeling. whereby initial thoughts are re?ned. elaborated. modified. or even discarded. is known as chance development. This term represents both a moral force. iterative. and a socially embedded position of how entrepreneurial chances reach their ?nal signifier ( Dimov D. 2007 ) . It can be argued that creativeness is non merely needed to place or recognize the chance but besides needed at every phase of the chance development. As the concern environment is invariably altering and invariably disputing. for the enterprisers to be successful. creativeness is perfectly indispensable. It is indispensable non merely to develop the chance that they have started to venture upon. but besides to work out the freshly originating jobs in the extremely competitory market topographic point. The development procedure begins when entrepreneurial watchfulness exceeds a threshold degree. Watchfulness is likely to be heightened when there is a happenstance of several factors: relevant anterior cognition and experience ; certain personality traits ( creativeness and optimism ) and societal webs. The cognition of single about the market needs and resources besides affects peculiar activities within the procedure ( Ardichvili A et Al. . 2000 ) . Within merchandise market entrepreneurship. Drucker ( 1985 ) has described three different classs of chances: ( 1 ) the creative activity of new information. as occurs with the innovation of new engineerings ; ( 2 ) the development of market inefficiencies that result from information dissymmetry. as occurs across clip and geographics ; and ( 3 ) the reaction to switch in the comparative costs and benefits of alternate utilizations for resources. as occurs with political. regulative. or demographic alterations. Looking at the illustration of the celebrated societal networking site. Facebook. it was launched in 2004 by a Harvard university pupil. Mark Zuckerberg ( CEO and Co-founder ) . Mark Zuckerberg took the thoughts from Cameron Winklevoss. Tyler Winklevoss. and Divya Narendra. three Harvard seniors and converted this construct into an chance. Facebook ab initio started as a little networking site which maps within the Harvard University and subsequently developed into a site that connects one billion people across the universe. Mark evaluated the thought. and developed the thought by adding more characteristics. doing it more sophisticated and user friendly. He made the website creative. and advanced. Even today. new characteristics are being added to the Facebook page about every twenty-four hours. This was an chance to Mark and he was smart plenty to catch that chance. and develop the chance into a successful concern. Though he had to confront many hazards and uncertainnesss in the procedure of development. Mark succeeded in it as he encouraged the function of creativeness and invention in his procedure. Entrepreneurial Decision devising: The enterprisers can non make hazard based ratings all the clip as before execution of the chance as merely a limited information about the chance will be available. In most scenarios. the enterpriser will hold to confront jobs and uncertainnesss after they start their venture. They will hold to come up with executable and appropriate solutions for the jobs and accommoda te harmonizing to the demands. There are a figure of factors hypothesised by the research workers that influences the determination doing procedure of enterprisers. The undermentioned factors are noted to play a major function in the procedure: 1. Prior cognition or experience 2. Research about the chance 3. Personality traits -self-efficacy. optimism. risk-taking ability. creativeness. Shane ( 1999 ) postulated that enterprisers will detect chances because anterior cognition triggers acknowledgment of the value of the new information. In his three-stage survey of chance acknowledgment processes. Shane ( 1999 ) tested and confirmed a figure of hypotheses. which could be summarized as follows: I. Any given entrepreneurial chance is non obvious to all possible enterprisers ( the principle being that all people do non possess the same information at the same clip ; Kirzner. 1997 ) . two. Each person’s idiosyncratic prior cognition creates a ‘‘knowledge corridor’’ that allows him/her t o acknowledge certain chances. but non others ( Hayek. 1945 ; Ronstadt. 1988 ) . Three major dimensions of anterior cognition are of import to the procedure of entrepreneurial find: anterior cognition of markets. anterior cognition of ways to function markets. and anterior cognition of client jobs. These theories suggests that anterior cognition of an single influences the determination doing procedure well. Harmonizing to Sigrist ( 1999 ) when the cognition or sphere of expertness of the person is combined with his/her country of passion leads to creative thoughts in the determination devising procedure. Entrepreneurs seek to garner information about the penchants of clients. sensitiveness in the market. information about the rivals. technological promotions and maintain them up to day of the month. They use this information to analyze the hazard involved in the procedure and take determinations consequently. Personality traits besides play a function in entrepreneurial actions. Entrepreneurs should be optimistic and have high selfefficacy to get the better of the hurdlings and take effectual determinations. Another trait that plays a major function in the determination devising procedure is Creativity. Kay ( 1986 ) concluded that originative factors play a great function in entrepreneurial determination devising. Hills et Al. ( 1997 ) have found that 90 % of those surveyed by them find creativity really of import for chance designation. However. solo enterpriser found it significantly more of import than did the networked enterprisers. They besides viewed themselves as being more originative. and were more likely to put aside clip specifically to be originative. Hills et Al. conclude that enterprisers who are networked to chance beginnings may non necessitate to be every bit originative as those who are non networked ( Ardichvili A et Al. . 2000 ) . Business Planning: For a concern venture to be successful. the enterprisers should maintain using originative actions in the programs or determinations that they make. An efficient concern program scheme is to choose to outclass at either being the high service supplier or low-cost. best merchandise supplier. But. one time a way has been chosen. so it all depends upon executing of the program. As there are so many uncertainnesss in the procedure. sometimes the program should be revised and it might necessitate accommodating a new strategic way which may ensue in altering the merchandise or market itself. Creativity plays a major function on how these determinations are evaluated and pursued. It is creativeness that separates those concern ventures that survive and thrive and those that don’t. If we consider the recorded music industry. music lovers listened to their favorite music recorded on vinyl phonograph record until about 1980. when cassette tapes grew in popularity. The compact size and record ability of the cassette tape caused a monolithic displacement from vinyl records to tapes. By the late eightiess. nevertheless. compact phonograph record ( CDs ) overshadowed cassettes. due to the CD’s better sound quality and instant entree to paths. In bend. the Cadmium concern peaked in 1995 merely as the Internet was deriving impulse in society at big. A few old ages subsequently. peer-to-peer file transportation began to let buccaneering of music. By 2001. Apple had introduced the iPod and iTunes and finally gained a dominating place in the music distribution and gross revenues concern ( Byers et Al. . 2005 ) . In a dynamic economic system. companies need to reinvent their concern agreements or stop up going irrelevant [ Knopper. 2009 ] . Sarasvarthy ( 2001 ) argues that entrepreneurship instead than being a causing procedure is a more emergent procedure relevant to the properties of the person. She named this emergent and synergistic procedure an implementation procedure. The four rules of the implementation theoretical account ( summarized by Davidson 2006 ) are: ? focal point on low-cost loss instead than expected returns ? Strategic confederations instead than competitory analysis ? Exploitation of eventualities instead than preexistent cognition ? Control of an unpredictable hereafter instead than foretelling of an unsure one. Entrepreneurship is a procedure that demands more than creativeness. The clip in which the enterpriser identifies the chance should be favorable for the development. Besides. the resources for peculiar chance should be available and should be sufficient plenty to get down the concern venture. The rivals who are besides seeking to work the same chance should be less or the resources should non be abundant and easy available for the rivals. The enterpriser should be skilled plenty to happen possible employees for his venture. She/he should be able to steer and animate the employees. actuate them and be an inspiring leader. The concern planning and framing should be done in a manner that the enterpriser can convert his investors and creditors to acquire adequate capital for get downing the venture. The market conditions and the civilization of the topographic point should be in favor of the chance development. Entrepreneurship demands awareness about things that are go oning in the sphere and besides first-class networking accomplishments. It demands willingness to take hazards and face uncertainnesss. In drumhead. Entrepreneurs ever revolve around alteration and accept them. These alterations lead to thoughts that are converted into an chance. Entrepreneurs look for a timely. solvable. of import job with a favorable context that can take to profitableness. These responses to the chances direct to the entrepreneurial actions. Entrepreneurial actions are based on the creative activity. development and development of chances. Creativity and Innovation are two major pillars that support the entrepreneurial actions. From the statements made in the essay. it can be concluded that Creativity is an indispensable but non sufficient status for Entrepreneurship. Mentions Alvarez. S. A. . A ; Barney. J. 2006. Discovery and Creation: Alternate theories of Entrepreneurial actions. Alvarez. S. A. . A ; Barney. J. 2005. How entrepreneurs organize houses under conditions of uncertainness. Journal of Management. 31 ( 5 ) : 776-793. Alvarez. S. A. . A ; Parker. S. 2006. New steadfast organisation and the outgrowth of concentrated control rights: A Bayesian attack. : Fisher College Center for Entrepreneurship Working Paper Series. Amabile. M. Teresa. 1996. The motive for creativeness in organisations. : Harvard Business School. Ardichvili A. Cardozo R. Ray S 2000. A theory of entrepreneurial chance designation and development. Journal of Business Venturing 18 ( 2003 ) 105-123. Barney. J. 1991. Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management. 17 ( 1 ) : 99. Barney. J. B. 1986. Strategic factor markets: outlooks. fortune. and concern scheme. Management Science. 32 ( 10 ) : 1231-1241. Barney. J. B.2001. Is the resource-based ‘v iew’ a utile position for strategic direction research? Yes. Academy of Management Review. 26 ( 1 ) : 41. Barney. J. B. . A ; Arikan. A. 2001. The resource-based position: Beginnings and deductions. In M. Hitt. R. E. Freeman. A ; J. Harrison ( Eds. ) . The Blackwell Handbook of Strategic Managment: 124-188. Malden. Mass. : Blackwell Publishers. Baron. R. . A ; Markman. G. 1999. The function of entrepreneurs’ behaviour in their fiscal success: Evidence for the benefits of effectual societal accomplishments. . Babson Conference on Entrepreneurship. Babson Park. MA. Barringer. B. R. A ; Ireland. R. D. ( 2006 ) . Entrepreneurship: Successfully establishing new ventures. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Bayers. H. Thomas. Dorf. C. Richard. Nelson. J. Andrew 2005. Technology Ventures From thought to Enterprise. 3rd Edition. McGraw Hill. Bosma. N. . A ; Harding. R. ( 2007 ) . Global entrepreneurship proctor: Gem 2006 consequences. MA. USA: Babson College and UK: London Business School. Davidsson. P. 2006 The types and contextual tantrum of entrepreneurial procedures in Burke. A. E. Modern Perspectives on Entrepreneurship. Senate Hall Academic Publishing. Davidsson. P. A ; Wiklund. J. ( 2001 ) Levels of Analysis in Entrepreneurship Research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 25. Kirzner. I. 1979. Percept. Opportunity. and Profit. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kirzner. I. M. 1997. Entrepreneurial find and the competitory market procedure: an Austrian attack. Journal of Economic Literature. 35 ( 1 ) : 60-85. Matthews. Judith H. ( 2007 ) Creativity and Entrepreneurship: Potential Spouses or Distant Cousins? In Chapman. Ross. Eds. Proceedings Pull offing Our Intellectual and Social Capital: 21st ANZAM 2007 Conference. pages pp. 1-17. Sydney. Australia Pretorius. M. . Millard. S. M. . A ; Kuger. M. E. ( 2005 ) . Creativity. invention and execution: Management experience. venture size. life rhythm phase. race and gender as moderators. South African Journal of Business Management. 36 ( 4 ) . 55 – 68. Sarasvathy. S. D. 2001. Causing and implementation: toward a theoretical displacement from economic inevitableness to entrepreneurial eventuality. Academy of Management Review. 26 ( 2 ) : 243. Sarasvathy. S. D. 2001b. Effective logical thinking and entrepreneurial determination devising: Being and bounds. Paper presented at the one-year meeting of the Academy of Management. Washington. DC. Sarasvathy. D. . Simon. H. . A ; Lave. L. 1998. Perceiving and pull offing concern hazards: Differe nces betweenenterprisers and bankers. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 33: 207-225. Schumpeter. J. A. 1934. The theory of economic development. New Brunswick. New jersey: Transaction. Shane. S. A ; Venkatraman. S. 2000. The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review. Vol. 25. No. 1 217-226. Shane. S. 2000 Prior Knowledge and the Discovery of Entrepreneurial Opportunities. Organization Science. 11. 4. 448-469. Ward. B. Thomas 2004. Cognition. Creativity and Entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing 19 ( 2004 ) 173–188

Strategic Management Plan

Introduction Strategic management plan finds use in promoting strategic leadership as well as in strategic planning to ensure that the business processes of an organization are in line with goals (Probst, Raub, Romhardt 1999). Strategic plan should reflect the goals and vision that the organization aspires to accomplish within a given period of time. It entails the principles of management that enables the organization to govern its decisions and actions.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Management Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It enables an organization to focus its energy on achieving common goals as well as in evaluating and adjusting its operations to be able to respond to the changing environment. It enables organizations to formulate effective means of responding to the hostile environmental conditions by developing consciously responsive ways to the dynamics in the environment (Chen, Ham brick, Nag, 2007). Greenwood Nursery’s primary objective is to promote the growth of new wood as well as to maintain healthy fruit formation. Strategic management planning is therefore very important to Greenwood Nursery in ensuring that it maintains sustainability in its environmental operations as well as in ensuring that the communities that it serves are provided with plant species which are able to successfully thrive in the specific environments despite the environmental dynamics. Greenwood Nursery also needs strategic management plan to develop appropriate cost-cutting measures in its operations and in ensuring strategic leadership in the organization as well as environmental leadership in the community that it serves. Strategic Management Process Environmental Analysis Once an organization has reviewed its objectives, it starts from its current situation to work out a strategic plan that would enable it achieve its objectives. An environmental analysis is done to ide ntify the opportunities available to an organization to enable it meet the set objectives (Davidow, Uttal, 1990). The organization has to understand its own capabilities as well as limitations. This would enable the organization choose opportunities which can help it achieve greater success. The organization also has to analyze its external environment which includes the macro-environment that affects all organizations, and the micro-environment which include all those factors which affect organizations in particulars sector. The macro-environment in this case may include technological, social, economic, as well as political factors. Micro-environment analysis should be very specific to the factors which affect the organization. These factors may include the operational efficiency and capacity of the organization, the organizational structure and image, the organization’s access and utilization of natural resources, financial resources, as well as the key staff among many ot her factors (Heskett, 1986).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Strategy Formulation Once the analysis has been done to identify the environmental forces affecting the organization, it now embarks on developing specific strategic alternatives which can be applied to ensure that the organization meets its objectives and mission (Ohmae, 1982). Implementation The organization has to decode the complex and abstract terms developed during the strategy formulation process into very detailed policies which can be understood by every individual in the organization at every functional level of the organization. This would help place more emphasis on any practical issues which might not have been understood well at a higher functional level. Implementation requires that the strategy be developed into specific strategies for each functional unit in the organization. This phase also invol ves the identification of the required resources as well as adopting the necessary changes in the organization. This stage involves distributing resources, designing the structure of the organization, managing the organization’s human resources as well as developing the organization’s decision making process. The implementation process involves putting in place benchmarks against which the organization can be measured (Lamb, 1984). Evaluation After the implementation, the organization’s processes have to be measured and evaluated to determine the extent of objective achievements. The internal and external factors have to be evaluated so as to obtain facts which are used to consider possible corrective measures. The process should determine the organization’s suitability, acceptability as well as feasibility (Lamb, 1984). Greenwood Nursery: Strategic Management Plan Mission Greenwood Nursery’s mission is to conserve the environment and to enhance th e community’s capacity to improve the quality of the environment. Core Functions The core functions of Greenwood Nursery are conservation and stewardship by providing plants species which protect and add aesthetic value to the environment and by enhancing the community’s capacity to ensure environment sustainability. The other core functions include research, analysis as well as information management to enable the organization provide technical services to its customers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Management Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vision Greenwood Nursery’s vision is to enhance the community’s capacity to improve the quality of their environment and to add aesthetic value to their environment. Assessment An analysis to determine the organization’s performance was done in December 2010 and the compilation of the analysis was as follows. Strengths The demand for the organization’s products and plant species continues to rise as the organization maintains workers motivation to perform their duties perfectly. The reputation of the organization has also improved and most customers from the community tend to prefer the organization’s services to other organizations. Weaknesses The organization only relies on the internet to market its products and services and also put less effort in ensuring customers and the community involvement. Opportunities It is important that the organization adopts a leadership style that is more customer-oriented which would ensure customers and community involvement. It is also important to develop a more comprehensive marketing strategy that involves the use of traditional and modern communication channels. The marketing strategy should also involve measures that focus more emphasis on the customers’ perception and capacity development. Threats The major threat on the organization ’s operations is inadequate time to follow up community capacity development in ensuring sustainable environment. Goals Goal 1: To increase the diversity of plants species in the organization’s nursery and garden.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The organization will carry out research to find more plant species which are appealing to its customers and can easily adapt to the environmental conditions of the region. The organization will also research on the impacts of such new plant species on the environment including their invasive influence on the plant diversity in the organization’s garden and in the surrounding region. Goal 2: To take a leadership role in developing consistent as well as dynamic working relationships with the members of the community. In order to achieve this goal, the organization intends to put in place several measures aimed at positive environmental relationship with the community members who are the Greenwood Nursery’s customers. The organization would create a department to offer consultation services to its customers on the maintenance and development processes of the various plant species available in the organization’s garden. The organizations will also provide outreach education services to the surrounding community to enable them understand the environmental sustainability and how to achieve and maintain environmental quality. In order to achieve positive relationship that would also market the organization’s plant nursery and gardens as well as its services, the organization will also foster relationships with its customers by offering critical health and safety matters associated with the plants. Goal 3: To enhance the organization’s workers empowerment through retraining and knowledge development. The organization acknowledges the significance of the human resource in achieving quality services to customers as well as healthy plants. The organization will involve workers in mandatory training programs to enable them better understand the maintenance of the plant species. This would make them more efficient and effective in the organization’s operations and enable them provide quality services to customers. This would enabl e the organization develop guidance procedures on how to treat every plant during the plant growth and development. This will be supplied to each customer who buys any plant. Goal 4: to enhance the customer’s decision making process through improved communication. The organization will adopt an integrated marketing communication by investing in other traditional channels of communication like TV stations and newspapers to advertise its services. Promotional campaigns will be implemented to ensure that the organization’s reputation reaches the whole nation. Conclusion Strategic management has to be adopted and made specific to every functional unit of an organization. Each unit in the organization should also have specific benchmarks to evaluate their performance so as to ensure that every functional unit of the organization is line with the organization’s goals and mission. Reference List Chen, M.-J, Hambrick, D. C, Nag, R. (2007). What is strategic management, really? Inductive derivation of a consensus definition of the field. Strategic Management Journal. 28(9), 935–955. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers. Davidow, W Uttal, B. (1990). Total customer service. New York: Harper Perennial Books. Heskett, J. (1986). Managing in the service economy. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Lamb, R. B. (1984). Competitive strategic management. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Ohmae, K. (1982). The Mind of the Strategist. New York: McGraw Hill, New York. Probst, G, Raub, S. Romhardt K. (1999). Managing knowledge. London: Wiley. This report on Strategic Management Plan was written and submitted by user Richard Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Fatal Voyage essays

Fatal Voyage essays The United States Navy's core values are based on Honor, Courage, and Commitment. These three basic principles have laid the foundation for the continued success of the Navy and has enabled us to meet and conquer every new challenge. Honor - true faith and allegiance; conducting ourselves in the highest ethical manner in all relationships with peers, superiors, and subordinates. Abide by an uncompromising code of integrity, taking responsibility for our actions and keeping our word. Courage - support and defend; make decisions in the best interest of the Navy and the nation, without regard to personal consequences. Be loyal to our nation, ensuring the resources entrusted to us are used in an honest, careful, and efficient way. Commitment - obey the orders; demand respect up and down the chain of command. Show respect to all people without regard to race, religion, or gender. Be committed to positive change and constant improvement. Fatal Voyage displayed countless examples of all of the above principles. From the Commanding Officer of the USS Indianapolis (Captain McVay), to the Japanese I-58 Commander (Hashimoto), and both of their crews, these core values were exemplified with pride and professionalism. Commander Hashimoto demonstrated honor throughout the book. He served his Emperor with true faith and allegiance. He and his crew dedicated themselves to their mission even when a majority of them new that the fight would soon be over and not in the favor of the Japanese. Captain McVay, a very proud man from a long history of Navy tradition, showed immense honor after his ship was sunk. From a floating crate, Captain McVay sat looking around at the surviving members of his crew. These people were no longer merely members of his crew, but they were now a part ...

Biography of Bartolomé de Las Casas, Spanish Colonist

Biography of Bartolomà © de Las Casas, Spanish Colonist Bartolomà © de Las Casas (c. 1484–July 18, 1566) was a Spanish Dominican friar who became famous for his defense of the rights of the native people of the Americas. His brave stand against the horrors of the conquest and the colonization of the New World earned him the title â€Å"Defender of the Native Americans. Las Casas efforts led to legal reforms and early debates about the idea of human rights. Fast Facts: Bartolomà © de Las Casas Known For: Las Casas was a Spanish colonist and friar who advocated for better treatment of Native Americans.Born: c. 1484 in Seville, SpainDied: July 18, 1566 in Madrid, SpainPublished Works: A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, Apologetic History of the Indies, History of the Indies Early Life Bartolomà © de Las Casas was born about 1484 in Seville, Spain. His father was a merchant and was acquainted with the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus. Young Bartolomà ©, then about 9 years old, was in Seville when Columbus returned from his first voyage in 1493; he might have met members of the Taà ­no tribe that Columbus brought back with him from the Americas. Bartolomà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s father and uncle sailed with Columbus on his second voyage. The family became quite wealthy and had holdings on Hispaniola, an island in the Caribbean. The connection between the two families was strong: Bartolomà ©s father eventually interceded with the pope on the matter of securing certain rights on behalf of Columbus’s son Diego, and Bartolomà © de Las Casas himself edited Columbus’s travel journals. Las Casas eventually decided that he wanted to become a priest, and his father’s new wealth allowed him to attend the best schools of the era: the University of Salamanca and the University of Valladolid. Las Casas studied canon law  and eventually earned two degrees. He excelled in his studies, particularly Latin, and his strong academic background served him well in the years to come. First Trip to the Americas In 1502, Las Casas finally went to see the family holdings on Hispaniola. By then, the natives of the island had been mostly subdued, and the city of Santo Domingo was being used as a resupply point for Spanish incursions in the Caribbean. The young man accompanied the governor on two different military missions aimed at pacifying those natives who remained on the island. On one of these trips, Las Casas witnessed a massacre of poorly armed natives, a scene he would never forget. He traveled around the island a great deal and was able to see the deplorable conditions in which the natives lived. The Colonial Enterprise and Mortal Sin Over the next few years, Las Casas traveled to Spain and back several times, finishing his studies and learning more about the sad situation of the natives. By 1514, he decided that he could no longer be personally involved in the exploitation of the natives and renounced his family holdings on Hispaniola. He became convinced that the enslavement and slaughter of the native population was not only a crime but also a mortal sin as defined by the Catholic Church. It was this iron-clad conviction that would eventually make him such a staunch advocate for fair treatment of the natives. First Experiments Las Casas convinced Spanish authorities to allow him to try to save the few remaining Caribbean natives by taking them out of slavery and placing them in free towns, but the death of Spains King Ferdinand in 1516 and the resulting chaos over his successor caused these reforms to be delayed. Las Casas also asked for and received a section of the Venezuelan mainland for an experiment. He believed he could pacify the natives with religion rather than weapons. Unfortunately, the region that was selected had been heavily raided by slave traders, and the natives’ hostility to the Europeans was too intense to overcome. The Verapaz Experiment In 1537, Las Casas wanted to try again to demonstrate that natives could be controlled peacefully and that violence and conquest were unnecessary. He was able to persuade the crown to allow him to send missionaries to a region in north-central Guatemala where the natives had proved particularly fierce. His experiment worked, and the natives were peacefully brought under Spanish control. The experiment was called Verapaz, or â€Å"true peace,† and the region still bears the name. Unfortunately, once the region was brought under control, colonists took the lands and enslaved the natives, undoing almost all of Las Casas’ work. Death Later in life, Las Casas became a prolific writer, traveled frequently between the New World and Spain, and made allies and enemies in all corners of the Spanish Empire. His History of the Indies- a frank account of Spanish colonialism and the subjugation of the natives- was completed in 1561. Las Casas spent his final years living at the College of San Gregorio in Valladolid, Spain. He died on July 18, 1566. Legacy Las Casas’ early years were marked by his struggle to come to terms with the horrors he had seen and his understanding of how God could allow this kind of suffering among the Native Americans. Many of his contemporaries believed that God had delivered the New World to Spain as a reward of sorts to encourage the Spanish to continue to wage war upon heresy and idolatry as defined by the Roman Catholic Church. Las Casas agreed that God had led Spain to the New World, but he saw a different reason for it: He believed it was a test. God was testing the loyal Catholic nation of Spain to see if it could be just and merciful, and in Las Casas’ opinion, the country failed God’s test miserably. It is well known that Las Casas fought for justice and freedom for the New World natives, but it is frequently overlooked that his love for his countrymen was just as powerful. When he freed the natives working on the Las Casas family holdings in Hispaniola, he did it as much for the sake of his soul and those of his family members as he did for the natives themselves. Though widely disparaged in the years after his death for his critiques of colonialism, Las Casas is now seen as a significant early reformer whose work helped pave the way for the liberation theology movement of the 20th century. Sources Casas, Bartolomà © de las, and Francis Sullivan. Indian Freedom: the Cause of Bartolomà © De Las Casas, 1484-1566: A Reader. Sheed Ward, 1995.Casas, Bartolomà © de las. A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies. Penguin Classics, 2004.Nabokov, Peter. â€Å"Indians, Slaves, and Mass Murder: The  Hidden History.† The New York Review of Books, 24 Nov. 2016.

Moral foundations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Moral foundations - Essay Example It's easy to see where a moral misstep could be disastrous for any health professional. In order to mitigate these ethical conflicts, health professionals are held to strict codes of conduct and etiquette, as well as general laws about the treatment of patients and the protection of patient rights. However, there are many places where personal beliefs, codes of conduct, and law and policy are in disagreement. Beauchamp and Childress describe two major types of moral dilemmas that occur within the medical profession. The first type of moral dilemma occurs when there exists evidence that a specific action could be considered either right or morally reprehensible, but there isn't enough evidence to make the distinction. Beauchamps and Childress suggested abortion as an example of this type of dilemma; another example would be flag-burning (10). The second type of moral dilemma can arise when there are two possible courses of action for a health care professional. The obligations both ha ve equal moral weight under normal circumstances; however, in emergency situations, a set of obligations that must normally be obeyed can be ignored. The health care professional must choose a single course of action from multiple differing obligations. Because of the equal moral weight of the opinions on the action, whatever choice is used will always seem morally wrong to someone in some way, and seem right to others. (Beauchamp and Childress 10). The second type of moral dilemma given above leads directly to the idea introduced by Beauchamp and Childress that such dilemmas should be examined in order to determine the overriding set of moral actions in a given situation. It is up to the physician to decide the course of action which carries the greater moral weight and dismiss the other. These situations do not require that the physician must perform both actions, because, in many cases, that would be impossible, but they do cause an action that would otherwise be considered moral ly correct to be set aside. These sorts of conflicts between two sets of moral codes can seem impossible to work out if the relative moral weight of the two arguments is the same (Beauchamp and Childress 11). One reason for moral dilemmas in medical practice is the fact that many medical professionals are often given an exception from what would be considered correct behavior under the common morality. A special standard of morality applies to them which is sometimes in direct conflict with the general rules of morality (Beauchamp and Childress 3, 7). This double standard exists at least in part because medical professionals are professionals in a traditional sense, requiring special training and education in subjects that most of the public never receives. . This disagreement between general morality and special morality could cause the general public to believe that a medical professional is acting unethically for allowing some course of action that the public would not be able to also allow. Secondly, this discrepancy could cause a moral dilemma between a health care professional's private ethical and moral convictions, and the behaviors in his or her professional life that may differ from those private opinions. With regards to differences in moral standards for certain types of professionals, it is not that physicians and other health professionals are outside moral rules, but merely that they are held to standards appropriate for their status, also known as role obligations (Beauchamp and

The Role of Leadership in Shaping Organizational Culture Assignment

The Role of Leadership in Shaping Organizational Culture - Assignment Example Shaping organization culture is essential if the organization leadership aims at having a healthy and high performing organization culture. Since culture involves the unwritten and written rules of how people would work with each other to achieve organizational objectives. This paper attempts to outline the role of leadership in an organization by shaping its culture. Organizational culture is integral in ensuring that the organization identify and execute strategic plans. Successful leaders ensure that they shape the culture of the organization instead of letting the culture to shape the organization. Culture shaping involves strategies that can promote an integrated system in the organization from top to bottom. To ensure that the performance and growth of the company adheres to the organization goals, the leaders must ensure that there is behavior change among individuals and teams in the organization. It is therefore necessary that personal transformation serve as the foundation of culture transformation (House, 2006).   Leaders shape and influence the organizational culture through molding of values, beliefs within the organization and basic assumptions by the members of the organizations. The key and critical factor for a manager to ensure that there is enough support organization culture is empowering the employees to build a good relationship that would lead to change in organizational culture. Effective leaders engage formation of strategies that would shape the organizational culture through influencing members to a positive relationship within the organizational program. Leaders who are intelligent learn on changing the organizational culture and focus more on empowering the people to enhance good relations. There are several strategies that can be used by managers to ensure positive organization culture is applied (Wells, 2013).   The first strategy

A Deeper Perspective on Executive Power Essay Example for Free

A Deeper Perspective on Executive Power Essay Executive Power is often and briefly defined as the power to enforce and administer the laws. It is usually bestowed upon the President or Head of a country. In the exercise of this power, the person who has such power assumes a plenitude of authority and the corresponding big and deep responsibility, thus making him the most influential person in the land he governs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The exercise of an Executive Power through the President’s own will is sometimes referred as the discretionary power which is undoubtedly constitutional. But the exercise of such will but no power is considered unconstitutional. Will but no power pertains to actions or instances that the executive department may exercise on their discretion but is in violation of a certain provision in the constitution. See more: The stages of consumer buying decision process essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the case of Clinton v City of New York, the acts of Clinton canceling  §4722(c) of the Balanced Budget Act and  §968 of the Taxpayer Relief Act by virtue of an Act, was held unconstitutional and in violation of Article I,  §7. Clinton acted beyond his discretionary powers. He acted with his own will in canceling the above-mentioned provisions but he has no power to do such. To wit the court, that the Act that procures the discretionary powers of Clinton to cancel the disputed provisions mentioned, impermissibly disrupts the balance of powers among the three branches of the government which are clearly categorized and distinguished under separation of powers. Moreover, the Act’s procedures are not authorized by the Constitution. If this Act were to be considered as valid, it would authorize the President to create a law whose text was not voted on by either House or presented to the President for signature which would clearly be a violation of the process in passing a new law provided for in the constitution. (Clinton v City of New York, 1998) References Clinton, President of the United States,, et al. v City of New York et al. June 25, 1998. Supreme Court Collection. Cornell University LawSchool. Retrieved from supct.law.cornell.edu.

The One Day of the Year Essay -- essays research papers

How are the main characters in a play constructed to represent the text’s underlying values and attitudes? Answer with reference to at least one stage drama that you have seen or studied. The One Day Of The Year explores a family’s relationships at the time of Anzac Day. It is the story of a son questioning the validity of Anzac Day as a true commemoration of our soldiers, while his father refuses to accept the changes in his son’s attitudes, Alf’s wife tries to anchor the family and Wacka, the true Anzac, remembers his experiences in his own way. In contrast, Alf and Dot, his parents, are obviously more traditional. The rest of the house is small, the furniture is dowdy, and their kitchen is primitive. It is then that the viewer is introduced to Alf's attitudes towards life. He is sitting at the table getting progressively more drunk and whingeing about all those more fortunate than himself. His language is slang, and his vocabulary includes words such as â€Å"wotcher†. He also has a strong ‘dinkum-di aussie’ accent. He is obviously uneducated and resents those who are. The family then begin to talk about Hughie and we realise that he has modern clothes and a ‘sports suit’. These are in contrast with Alf and Dot’s old clothes- Dot has just removed a large overcoat. In the next scene, the viewer is introduced to Hughie and Jan. Jan uses upper-class language and condescendingly uses words such as ‘marvellous’. Hugie’s language is not upper-class, but in comparison to Alf’s ...

Case study: Andrew Ryan at VC Brakes Essay

1. Analyze the effectiveness of the approach to change taken at VC Brakes. 2. Was Andrew Ryan effective? What could he have done differently? 3. Should Ryan stay at VC Brakes and continue to help with the TQM initiative? If so, what should he do differently? The approach taken was the right thing to do and in my opinion was well planned. The fact that it didn’t work out however means that it wasn’t the right fit for the organizational culture of VC Brakes. If VC Brakes had no division between the engineers and the rest of the operations I believe the approach would have provided successful results. Andrew Ryan was effective in his original endeavors as the senior manager of the engineering services (ES) team. However I think this question is referring to his task of implementing TQM into VC Brakes, so in that regard no he was not effective. Although TQM had great values Ryan was unable to break the divider between management and lower level employees to make progress wi th TQM. Lower level employees were said to have some creative and (in my opinion) easy to fix ideas on current operations. For example the box cutters that were standard were said to not be up to par. Although upper management didn’t change the box cutters out for new ones originally Ryan could have told upper management to change the box cutters simply as a way to get employees on board with the idea of implementing TQM. If Ryan had exhausted his efforts to make the change happen internally, he could have went out and bought new box cutters himself and said that upper management heard to voice of the people and responded. Box cutters aren’t very expensive and this action would have shown leadership to upper management, and would have most likely shown lower level employees to give TQM circles more effort. If Ryan was unwilling to purchase the box cutters himself, he could have had the simple idea to allow the employees bring in their own box cutters to solve the problem altogether. If the company had some restriction against this idea of bringing cutters from home Ryan should do his best to explain once again that this is bigger than the box cutters, it’s about progressing forward as a whole company working together.

Counseling Scenario

The second scenario involves children in a divorce counseling group. It is expected that emotions can and will be stirred. Surprisingly, my co-leader became angry at one of the children after the latter described how angry she is at her mother. My co-leader reacted by comparing the child with her daughter and the child’s mother to another â€Å"victim†. The reaction of my co-leader is certainly uncalled for and is beyond our professional limits as counselors. Nevertheless, there are several ways in handling the situation. The most immediate step that can be done is to control the situation. This can be achieved by directly intervening and talking things down. I can explain to the child that my co-leader has also been in the same situation as hers and that, as a consequence, her feelings can go off as well. On the other hand, I will also tell my co-leader that we should be professional in dealing with the children. I will explain to her that much is expected from us as counselors, and that we should not let our personal circumstances cloud our judgment. I will further remind her that the reason why we are counseling the children in the first place is because they need counseling and because we are in a better position to understand their experiences. It is said that â€Å"to behave in ways which are destructive to oneself or others is not only distressing and disturbing, but also ethically inadmissible† (Callender, 1998, p. 77). This particularly applies to counselors. Ethical guidelines should always be kept in mind so that counselors will act appropriately with respect to their clients (Voskuijl and Evers, 2007). It is important for us, counselors, to bear in mind our professional responsibilities. We should not let our emotions and personal circumstances get in the way of our responsibilities towards others. My co-leader should learn from the ethical guidelines of being a counselor or from plain moral sensibilities.

Metaphoric Mockingbirds essays

Metaphoric Mockingbirds essays To kill a mockingbird, a novel written by Harper Lee, tells the story of Scout Finch, and her brother, Jem, and their experiences of benevolence, bravery, and their loss of innocence. They learn through father, Atticus Finch, that the world isnt always fair and that prejudice exists whether they like it or not. Their adventures begin when a little boy named Dill comes to stay with his aunt during the summer. Jem and Dill become infatuated with the idea of making Boo Radley, who theyve never seen come out of his home. After many unsuccessful attempts at accomplishing this feat, they finally learned that they should leave him in peace. After this experience, Atticus is appointed to defend a black man in a racist 1930s Alabama. This novel won the Pulitzer Prize in 1961 and later became an Award winning film. Mockingbirds sign beautiful songs for people to enjoy. Yet people mindlessly hurt and kill them although they do no harm. A few of the characters resemble blue jays. These characters are prejudiced people who do harm to society as do the blue jays in bird world. A few of the characters in the novel resemble mockingbirds hence the title of the novel. Atticus said to Jem one day, Id rather you shoot at tin cans in the back yard, but I know youll go after birds. Shoot all the blue jays you want, if you can hit em, but remember its a sin to kill a mockingbird. That was the only time I ever heard Atticus say it was a sin to do something, and I asked Miss Maudie about it. Your fathers right, she said. Mockingbirds dont do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They dont eat up peoples gardens, dont nest in corncribs, they dont do one thing but sign their hearts out for us. Thats why its a sin To Kill a Mockingbird. The criteria in this book is used to define metaphoric mockingbirds, through people who d...

Exercise 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exercise 3 - Essay Example The scope of the project is dependent on the client’s specifications. Steps in this stage vary according to project. A meeting to determine the steps needed is common with all projects at the initiation stage (Lewis, 12). The next phase is called the planning phase and involves planning how the resources discussed in the earlier phase will be used. Where an initial budget had been created, the project manager now has to facilitate a review of the budget and the estimation of an order to complete the given tasks considering the budget. While phase one deals with what needs to be done, phase two deals with how it is to be done. The third phase is the execution phase that involves doing the task. It is tempting to begin a project at this stage, but steps 1 and 2 are just as important. All projects then have a closing stage that involves reflection to review the project for possible changes for implementation if another project were to take place. Those with responsibilities are r equired to share the insight into what was well done and what could have been improved. Project management requires quality communication since if the ideas were not presented clearly, then serious impediments would occur. When making a decision regarding what technology to use, training and budgetary questions require to be answered. These involve the presence of existing technology, whether training will be required for the team and whether the technology will reduce time spent on the project. In a team, communication can be synchronous, that is communicating at the same time or asynchronous, which involves the inability to communicate at the same time. Sending of e-mails to team members is an example of asynchronous communication while a face-to-face meeting is a good example of synchronous communication. Another aspect of efficient communication in project management is emotional intelligence. The project leader has to possess emotional intelligence because they have to interact with various personalities in the project team. EI involves relationship management, empathy, self-regulation and emotional awareness. EI quality affects the trust that the team members will put in their leader, which, in turn, aids in the project’s success. A project leader must have the empathy to understand where the origins of different viewpoints. A project manager also needs to have conflict resolution skills since different personality types will clash in teams (Lewis, 12). Finally, for project management to be successful, it needs efficient, time management. Poor management of projects also leads to additional costs. In applying techniques for time management, we need to prioritize the tasks that need to be done. Quality time management also involves the development of personal relationships since time spent resolving conflict could be spent on constructive. One must also plan to complete the activity. Organization is yet another rule for project management, with the ability to adapt to situations being the final activity. Summary of Netcraft.com One of the key steps that the internet community has been taught to protect their personal information via the internet is to ensure that they enter over an encrypted connection. This has resulted in phishing attacks, which use SSL certificates because most internet users associate valid presence of an SSL certificate with improved security. While most phishing attacks occur over HTTP, some run on SSL certificate run sites. Access on

Rose for emiley written by william faulkner Essay

Rose for emiley written by william faulkner - Essay Example These devices include motifs, themes and symbols; for instance, the theme of tradition versus change, symbol of the hair strands and Emily’s house and motifs such as watching and dust. Themes, symbols and motifs play significance roles in enhancing the story’s plot and of characters’ traits. Themes The theme of ‘tradition versus change’ is notable throughout the story, particularly through Emily’s mysterious figure through which Faulkner demonstrates the struggles, which emerge from attempting to maintain tradition in light of sweeping change. Jefferson town is at the crossroad, accepting a modern commercial future while remaining perched in the past. This is notable in the eroded glory of the Grierson home to the cemetery where the town buried unknown Civil War (Faulkner 83). Emily is part of the tradition, steadfastly remaining unchanged over the years regardless of the countless changes occurring in her community. She represents traditions which people seek to honor, but she is also a burden cut off from the external world as she nurses odd behaviors that others do not comprehend. In essence, Faulkner uses the theme of ‘tradition versus change’ to show how Emily inhabits a timeless vacuum, as well as the world conjured by her imagination. For instance, Emily refuses to have metallic numbers embedded to her house when Jefferson receives modern mail services. While Jefferson holds traditional notions, such as reputation and honor in high regard, the narrator is rather critical towards the old men who wore Confederate uniforms to Emily’s funeral. The narrator notes that like Emily, the old men considered time a relative element. The theme of the power of death also enhances the story’s plot. Death permeates the story from the mention of Emily’s death at the beginning of the story (Faulkner 11). In all instances, death prevails over all attempts to master it. For instance, Emily who is a key fixture in her community slowly succumbs to death. The narrator compares Emily to a drowned woman who is bloated and pale after staying too long in the water. Emily tries to exert power over death by denying its existence. This is most notable through Emily’s treatment of Homer, after the death of the latter. Motifs The story encompasses motifs such as dust, which underscores decay and deteriorations. The dust which covers Emily’s house is a fitting description of the lives which faded within the house. Faulkner writes that when the aldermen went to secure Emily’s tax payments, Emily’s house smelt of dust and disuse, and the dust rose when they sat. This demonstrates the degree to which Emily’s house was a place of stasis in which memories and regrets remained undisturbed. The dust also portrays the cloud of obscurity which hides Emily’s nature as well as the secrets inherent in her house (Faulkner 112). A Rose for Emily also encompasses the motif of watching in which Emily is the subject of the narrator and Jefferson townspeople’s intense controlling stare. Instead of establishing real connections with Emily, the townspeople establish subjective and imprecise interpretations of the woman they hardly know. The townspeople attended Emily’s funeral under the pretense of honor and respect, but they wanted to satisfy their curiosity regarding the town’s most eccentric person. Perhaps the most ironic dimension of the story is that of the theorizing and gossiping which the townspeople do behind Emily’

Cash vs. Accrual Accounting and Balance Sheets Essay

Cash vs. Accrual Accounting and Balance Sheets - Essay Example With the help of the cash accounting method any organization can identify its exact cash flow, provided if the company has entered each and every transaction in the account. Cash accounting method is comparatively easy to perform. Accrual basis accounting is the process where the transactions are taken into consideration once the order is made, the product is distributed, and service is provided. It does not consider the time when the amount is paid or received. In the accrual method of accounting, the expenses and the income would be recorded once the goods and the services have been received or the sale has occurred. It would not consider the payment at the same time of the transaction. This method essentially gives priority to the benefits or the facilities given or received and not the monetary transaction. Cash accounting method is more popular than any other accounting systems. Cash accounting method is easy to execute, on the other hand, accrual accounting method is more accur ate in case of making a balance sheet for any organization. At times, accrual accounting is difficult to execute, due to certain confusions in the balance sheets. In the cash accounting method it is easy to maintain the finance, as the entry is not allowed till the payment is received on the sale and vice versa. On the other hand, the accrual accounting method would increase the difficulties as the transactions might be entered before getting the payment, which might inturn raise problems for the organization. Both the accounting methods are helpful to evaluate and to analyze the company finance at the end of the financial year, with their distinct natures. Q2. The cash accounting method is easier to perform in case of small businesses. The cash accounting method does not record the transactions in the balance sheet until and unless the payment has been done for the transaction, either by the buyer or by the seller. Once an organization pays for the order placed, the transaction wou ld enter the balance sheet and at the same time if the organization receives the payment for the order placed to them, they would enter the detail of the transaction. It is an easy process, provided the company size is small. Cash accounting does not enter all the dealings at the time of the transaction, thus it would create difficulties and conflicts in case of larger sized organizations. Therefore, they imply the accrual accounting method for its better accuracy and clarity. Accrual accounting system includes all the transactions made either paid or not. This helps to know the exact cash flow of an organization. Therefore, the cash accounting is more popular in small businesses and the accrual accounting is more effective in case of the big enterprises. Assignment 2 Q1. Balance Sheet is one of the most vital and crucial aspects of financial accounting. It is the total or the summarized value of the finance of an organization at the end of the financial year. A balance sheet includ es partnership, proprietorship, assets of a company, and liabilities of a company and the equity of the owner among others. The date on the balance sheet after every financial year is different in case of different companies. If in any case a company does not have their balance sheet, for example Microsoft, it would be very difficult to know the transactions made by the company, whether the company has faced loss or profit, what are the liabilities and the assets of

Ethnic American Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethnic American - Personal Statement Example The family values of our people are extremely strong and we have strong family bonds. Even in the time when we were slaves and the families were separated and sold as slaves, we still have strong family bonds. The old members of the family pass the cultural and social heritage to the young members of the family and in return the younger members take care of their old. Our families provide strength and support to each other and even in our communities. Spiritual values are considered important for our people. The elders and the parents develop emotional and spiritual values and needs in the young African American so that their transition into adulthood is easy and it would prepare them for it as well. With the help of these spiritual values the young ones learn to change and grow and develop in terms of emotions, morals etc. Gender roles, as you know means the attitude, behaviour, responsibilities and activities of a male and female in a society. When we talk about gender roles among African American people it is given that the financial provider in the family would be the male. But they also agree to the fact that male and the female should share the responsibility of raising a child together and sharing the duties of housework. And we also believe that there is a lot of female discrimination in the society. Even though the US claims to be a country of free thinkers and promotes free speech through out the world as their ultimate quality. We still see that they contain a certain amount of biasness towards us the African Americans. If our background is from the rougher part of society getting an education becomes practically impossible. Even though the US society says that they help out all kinds of people regardless of sect or culture we still have problem when we want to educate ourselves further and if we do not posses the financial backing or if we don't talk or sound or act or dress the way they think is right then they discriminate us in the basis that our society is filled with no do-gooders and that we do not deserve a chance to better ourselves with a good quality education. We are discriminated as a whole and nobody pays attention to our personal values and they do not even look at the fact whether we are capable of educating ourselves and that we do not posses the drive to rise higher than our immediate circumstances and our willing to work hard to achieve our goal and further improve ourselves. There is an income gap between the white families and black families. And if we look back and see that the African Americans earn only 65% of the wages when comparing to the wages of the white people. And if we go back in time and see when the country was facing economic problems the people who mostly suffered were; we the African Americans in regards of employment. And we still face the problem of unemployment or under-employment. We are considered as people who are lazy and no do-gooders. Generational differences play a vital role in changing the attitudes and behaviours of people. And we can see that it is happening in the African American society. As we can see this generation of African Americans is facing heir issues and problems related to racism and discrimination

History of Tipu Sultan

History of Tipu Sultan First warfare â€Å"I saw a painting prominently displayed in the reception lobby at Wallops Flight Facility, Virginia, United States of America. This place was the base for NASAs sounding rocket programme. It depicted a battle scene with a few rockets flying in the background. A painting with this theme should be the most common place thing at a Flight Facility, but the painting caught my eye because the soldiers on the side launching the rockets were not white, but dark skinned, with the racial features of South Asians.it turned out to be Tipu Sultans army fighting the British. The painting depicted a fact forgotten in Tipus own country, but commemorated here on the other side of the planet. I was happy to see an Indian glorified by NASA as a hero of warfare rocketry†. Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Former President of India, in ‘Wings of Fire. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Tipu was a master strategist. Unfortunately for Indian history, his foresight and war acumen was recognised by none better than prime enemy The British in India. The Tiger of Mysore was quite simply put, just that. A Tiger to the core. Carrying on the legacy left by his indomitable father the great Hyder Ali, Tipu went on to become the quintessential thorn in the British rule in India. A close examination reveals a brilliant brain beyond the valiant warrior. The British had never been confronted in India with a more resolute and fierce contender. Tipus life-passion was to see the fall of the British in India with collective and consolidated resistance. The main focus of the external policies he displayed was that a balance was essential to restore a sense of normalcy in the governance of the country. This very balance had been tilted by the British and unless they were defeated comprehensively by a collective effort, the Indian identity would be crushed forever. Towards this end he tried to garner support from the neighbours, the other Indian powers like the Nizams and the Marathas. But their reluctance to shake out of the deep slumber of kingly comforts and complacence forced Tipu to seek alternatives. It was here that he displayed astute foresight and understanding of the art of diplomacy and war. Tipu analysed the aspects of British growth threadbare and realised that they had achieved near complete domination of the country by pitting one Indian prince against another. They had trained the Indian soldier and had ensured that it was Indian blood that was sacrificed to a larger extent in these campaigns. It was these very traits that Tipu intended to replicate when he tried to get French aid for his campaigns against the British. He yearned to see the two European giants fight each other to destruction. Just the way the Dutch eliminated the Portuguese and the English eliminated the Dutch presence in India, he hoped that the French would eliminate the English. While the French were fairly powerful, this of course would be possible only with the concerted efforts of not just the French but a cohesive and determined alliance of all Indian powers along with the French. Unfortunately for History, the British had learnt better lessons from their Anglo American wars than the French. The French failed to understand the fact that the surest way of getting at the English, akin to the American experience, was by extending massive support to the Indian powers in their struggle against the English. Despite repeated proposals from Tipu, the French failed to clutch the idea and adopted a rather timid posture as far as the Britishers in India were concerned. Regular visits by emissaries to France failed to convince the French that a golden opportunity to seize the initiative against the British indeed existed. It was only when the great Napoleon came to power and realised the validity of Tipus thought process did the French agree to pitchfork alongside the Mysorean. Destiny had her own designs. Napoleon, who had written to Tipu from Egypt and promised to arrive in India to start the revolution against the British, was stopped at Syria and the British had by t hen realised that Tipu was the primary instrument that would pivot the scales in the southern peninsular India. The ‘cohesive and concerted efforts policy of Tipu was not dependent entirely on the French. He had understood that of the four main players of Peninsular India, the other three being the Marathas, the Nizam and the British, it required the combined efforts of three powers to reduce the fourth power. Even the British, were not as powerful in the south as they were in the northern parts of India, Bengal in particular. The strong presence of the Marathas and the Hyder- Tipu combine had proven to be an entirely different predicament. The weak Nizams had also proven to be stronger than the Mughal Emperor. While the three Indian powers combined to achieve victories in the First and Second Wars of Mysore, the Nizam and the Marathas colluded with the British to engineer the defeat of Tipu in the third Mysore War. The diplomatic vision that drove Tipu to reach out to partners, the determination to follow that vision, even in the face of repeated betrayals are truly remarkable. The sole reason for the policy to fail was because the other Indian powers refused to shed their myopia. They failed to realize the magnitude and the implications of British imperialism. The swim against the heavy British tide was indeed lonely and in the end, unsuccessful for Tipu, however, the application of Diplomacy as an art backed up with unstinted courage in war very nearly upset the English applecart. This paper studies the military genius of Tipu Sultan with special emphasis on his foreign and diplomatic policies. The paper will also attempt to bring out the relevance of his policies in the present day.

Do Ufos Exist? :: essays research papers

Do UFOs Exist? I have gathered many sources and have come to the conclusion that UFOs do exist. Sightings of unusual aerial phenomena date back to ancient times, but only after 1947, have UFOs been widely discussed because of publication world wide. Many things support this concept such as sightings, crop circles, encounters, and abductions. At least 90% of UFO sightings can be identified as conventional objects, Although time consuming investigations are necessary for such identification. The objects most often mistaken for UFOs are bright planets and stars, peculiar clouds, birds, aircraft, balloons, kites, aerial flares, meteors and satellites. Between 1647 to 1969 at total of 12,618 reports have been received concerning unidentified flying objects, of which 701 of the reports (5.6 percent) were listed as unexplained. Some people claim that they have been abducted by extraterrestrials. A Harvard professor has taken these "abductees" and puts them in a hypnotic trans. Under hypnosis, sometimes weeping and shouting with agony and terror, they recover buried memories of alien encounters. There has never been physical proof of any abduction yet to be provided. The Roswell incident is now generally regarded as one of the most important UFO events in history, an extensive review of the UFO literature of the 1950s finds no mention of it beyond the first press accounts in early July 1947. The only know reference to it as a UFO crash was in a 1955 lecture by broadcaster and UFO enthusiast Frank Edward. Even in the 1960s the UFO literature mentioned it only three times, twice in both brief instances, in the latter rather vaguely. A widely published story reported that personnel from Roswell Field had a "flying disk" in their possession. When the material was flown to Fort Worth, Texas, the commander told the press that the "disk" was really just a weather balloon and produced balloon remains to "prove" it. Pictures were taken, there were chuckles all around and the press fell victim to a lie and a cover up it was able to maintain without challenge for over three decades. Crop circls Have been found to occur mainly in corn and wheat, but have also been found in other crops such as barky, oats, canola, grass, flowers, trees, and even snow. Crop circles have appeared on every continent and have been reported in over 70 countries around the world. Only countries in mainland China and South Africa haven't reported any crop circles at all. A lot of then have appeared in the former Czech Republic . Most crop circles have been formed in the center of fields with none of the surrounding crops disturbed. Do Ufos Exist? :: essays research papers Do UFOs Exist? I have gathered many sources and have come to the conclusion that UFOs do exist. Sightings of unusual aerial phenomena date back to ancient times, but only after 1947, have UFOs been widely discussed because of publication world wide. Many things support this concept such as sightings, crop circles, encounters, and abductions. At least 90% of UFO sightings can be identified as conventional objects, Although time consuming investigations are necessary for such identification. The objects most often mistaken for UFOs are bright planets and stars, peculiar clouds, birds, aircraft, balloons, kites, aerial flares, meteors and satellites. Between 1647 to 1969 at total of 12,618 reports have been received concerning unidentified flying objects, of which 701 of the reports (5.6 percent) were listed as unexplained. Some people claim that they have been abducted by extraterrestrials. A Harvard professor has taken these "abductees" and puts them in a hypnotic trans. Under hypnosis, sometimes weeping and shouting with agony and terror, they recover buried memories of alien encounters. There has never been physical proof of any abduction yet to be provided. The Roswell incident is now generally regarded as one of the most important UFO events in history, an extensive review of the UFO literature of the 1950s finds no mention of it beyond the first press accounts in early July 1947. The only know reference to it as a UFO crash was in a 1955 lecture by broadcaster and UFO enthusiast Frank Edward. Even in the 1960s the UFO literature mentioned it only three times, twice in both brief instances, in the latter rather vaguely. A widely published story reported that personnel from Roswell Field had a "flying disk" in their possession. When the material was flown to Fort Worth, Texas, the commander told the press that the "disk" was really just a weather balloon and produced balloon remains to "prove" it. Pictures were taken, there were chuckles all around and the press fell victim to a lie and a cover up it was able to maintain without challenge for over three decades. Crop circls Have been found to occur mainly in corn and wheat, but have also been found in other crops such as barky, oats, canola, grass, flowers, trees, and even snow. Crop circles have appeared on every continent and have been reported in over 70 countries around the world. Only countries in mainland China and South Africa haven't reported any crop circles at all. A lot of then have appeared in the former Czech Republic . Most crop circles have been formed in the center of fields with none of the surrounding crops disturbed.